| Regulated DC voltage is required for
semiconductor devices such as ICs and Transistors to function. Regulated
voltage can be generated from commercial AC lines with an AC to DC power
supply or from DC power source(such as Batteries) with a DC to DC
converter.
Each type is further classified to one that is isolated between
primary (Input) circuit ans secondary (Output) circuit or non-isolated.
Over the past 15 years, there have been significant changes in the
design of power supplies. The most important of these has been
widespread change from linear regulator to switch mode power supplies (SMPS).
The principal reason for the move to switch mode power supplies is their
much greater efficiency typically 65-90% as opposed to 25-50% for the
linear regulator. This greatly reduces the cooling requirement, and
allows a much higher power density.
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